Polity notes
...K Official Languages Act, 2020 , the official languages of J&K are Urdu, Hindi, English, Kashmiri and Dogri. Exam tip Art 343 makes Hindi in Devanagari script the official language of the Union. Art 351 is the Directive to promote Hindi. Art 345 lets a State adopt its own officia...
/polity/parts-schedulesGeography of J&K notes
...he latest list. Languages Official languages of J&K UT (2020 Act): Urdu, Hindi, English, Kashmiri and Dogri. Kashmiri (Dardic family) in the Valley, Dogri in Jammu, Gojri among the Gujjars, Pahari in Pir Panjal and Punjabi in the plains. Ladakhi (Bhoti), Balti and Purki in Ladakh...
/geography-of-jandk/tribes-languagesHistory of J&K notes
...n earnest in his time. The famous houseboats were first built during his reign. Englishmen tried to get the right to buy land to build houses in Kashmir. The Maharaja refused , since it would have turned Kashmir into a British colony , and this led to the construction of houseboa...
/history-of-jandk/pratap-singhHistory of J&K notes
...ation . Two colleges, one at Poonch and one at Mirpur ; postgraduate classes in English at Government College, Srinagar . Maharani Tara Devi set up the Maharani Mahila College in 1944 , now the Parade College for Women . Some students were sent abroad for training in engineering...
/history-of-jandk/hari-singhHistory of J&K notes
...ools for girls opened in the Valley and Jammu. Press and ideas A small Urdu and English press arose in the 1920s and 1930s. Newspapers like Hamdard (1935) took up political reform . Reading rooms such as the Fateh Kadal Reading Room Party became forums for the educated Muslim you...
/history-of-jandk/dogra-reformsComputer Knowledge notes
...nguage Uses mnemonics (ADD, MOV). Needs an assembler . 3GL High-level languages English-like. C, C++, Java, Python, FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal. Needs a compiler or interpreter. 4GL Very high-level SQL, report generators. You say what is needed, not how. 5GL AI-based Prolog, Me...
/computer-knowledge/languagesComputer Knowledge notes
...inite and give a result. Pseudocode is an algorithm written in plain, code-like English. A flowchart draws the algorithm with symbols: Symbol Shape Meaning Terminal Oval Start and Stop Input / Output Parallelogram Read or print data Process Rectangle Calculation or action Decisio...
/computer-knowledge/programmingModern Indian History notes
...thas, Sikhs, society and economy. 2. Coming of the Europeans Portuguese, Dutch, English and French; Carnatic Wars. 3. Conquest of India (1757 to 1856) Plassey, Buxar, Mysore, Maratha and Sikh wars, Subsidiary Alliance, Doctrine of Lapse. 4. British Administration and Economy Cons...
/modern-indian-historyModern Indian History notes
...), the "kingmakers". Executed Banda Bahadur (1716). Gave the 1717 farman to the English East India Company (duty-free trade in Bengal for a yearly payment of Rs 3,000). Blinded and killed by the Sayyids in 1719. Muhammad Shah (Rangila) 1719 to 1748 Ended the Sayyid Brothers (1720...
/modern-indian-history/later-mughalsModern Indian History notes
...r Kheda. Disputes over succession after his death (1748) drew in the French and English in the Carnatic Wars. Nizam Ali Khan joined the Subsidiary Alliance in 1798 , the first Indian state to do so. Salar Jung (Prime Minister, 1853 to 1883) modernised the administration. Mir Osma...
/modern-indian-history/successor-statesModern Indian History notes
...ck 1828 to 1835 Abolished sati (1829) ; suppressed thuggee ; Charter Act 1833 ; English education; Macaulay's Minute (1835). Sir Charles Metcalfe 1835 to 1836 Freed the press (1835). Lord Auckland 1836 to 1842 First Afghan War . Lord Ellenborough 1842 to 1844 Annexed Sindh (1843)...
/modern-indian-history/governors-general-viceroysModern Indian History notes
...s began Western education and ideas of reason, liberty and equality, brought by English-educated Indians. Contact with the West through missionaries, the printing press and the study of Indian texts by scholars such as William Jones and Max Muller . Social evils: sati, child marr...
/modern-indian-history/reform-movements-overview