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Modern Indian History notes

Overview: What This Course Covers

...Independence and Partition (1947) , in one unbroken line. They are written for UPSC, JKPSC, JKSSB, J&K Police, SSC and other State exam aspirants, and are free, topic-wise and easy to revise. What you will find Unit What it covers 1. The Eighteenth Century Later Mughals, Nadir S...

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J&K Reorganisation Act notes

Overview: What This Course Covers

...r 2026 . They are written for JKPSC, JKSSB, J&K Police, Naib Tehsildar, SSC and UPSC aspirants, and for anyone who wants to understand the law that changed the map and the governance of J&K and Ladakh. What you will find Unit What it covers 2. Background J&K's position before 201...

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Polity notes

Salient Features and Sources

...ate state citizenship. Independent bodies such as the Election Commission, CAG, UPSC and Finance Commission. Emergency provisions (national, state and financial). Three-tier government after the 73rd and 74th Amendments (Panchayats and Municipalities). Cooperative societies got c...

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Polity notes

Bills, the Budget and Parliamentary Committees

...: salaries of the President, judges, CAG, Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, Speaker, UPSC Chairman, and debt charges. Public Account (Art 266(2)): deposits, provident funds. Contingency Fund (Art 267): advance money for unforeseen expenses, controlled by the President. The FRBM Act, 2...

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Polity notes

Finance Commission, CAG and the Attorney General

...rnor. Exam tip The CAG and the CEC are removed like a Supreme Court judge . The UPSC Chairman and members are removed by the President after a Supreme Court inquiry . The Attorney General serves at the pleasure of the President .

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Polity notes

NITI Aayog, NHRC and Other Bodies

...pecifically mentioned in the Constitution) Body Article Election Commission 324 UPSC, State PSCs 315 Finance Commission 280 GST Council 279A National Commission for Scheduled Castes 338 National Commission for Scheduled Tribes 338A National Commission for Backward Classes 338B (1...

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Geography of J&K notes

Overview: What This Course Covers

...n table. They are written for JKPSC, JKSSB, J&K Police, Naib Tehsildar, SSC and UPSC aspirants and for anyone who wants to understand the land they live in. What you will find Unit What it covers 2. Location and Physical Setting Position, extent, the three regions, geological his...

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History of J&K notes

Overview: What This Course Covers

...en line. They are written for JKPSC, JKSSB, J&K Police, Naib Tehsildar, SSC and UPSC aspirants and for anyone who wants to know the story of the land. What you will find Unit What it covers 2. Prehistory and Early Kashmir Sources, Burzahom and Gufkral, Harappan Manda, legends, Ma...

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Modern Indian History notes

Sources and Historiography of Modern India

...Guha, Gyanendra Pandey, Partha Chatterjee, Shahid Amin, David Arnold. Exam tip UPSC often asks "Who wrote what". Learn this set: Mill (History of British India), R.P. Dutt (India Today), A.R. Desai (Social Background of Indian Nationalism), Ranajit Guha (Elementary Aspects of Pe...

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Modern Indian History notes

Causes of the Decline of the Mughal Empire

...The empire did not simply collapse; power shifted to regional states. Exam tip UPSC asks "analyse the causes", not "list them". Group the causes under Political, Economic, Military and Foreign invasions and mention jagirdari crisis and agrarian crisis as the key academic views....

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Modern Indian History notes

The Anglo-Mysore Wars (1767 to 1799)

...e of the few Indian rulers who sent embassies to France, Turkey and Persia . In UPSC, "Treaty of Mangalore" = Second war , "Treaty of Seringapatam" = Third war , "Treaty of Madras" = First war . Memory trick M-M-S-S : M adras (1769), M angalore (1784), S eringapatam (1792), S eri...

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Modern Indian History notes

Subsidiary Alliance, Doctrine of Lapse and Paramountcy

...romised to respect the rights of the princes, but remained paramount . Exam tip UPSC loves "Subsidiary Alliance vs Doctrine of Lapse". Subsidiary Alliance was a diplomatic tool used in Wellesley's time (1798 onwards) ; Doctrine of Lapse was an administrative tool used in Dalhousi...

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