Soils
| Soil | Where | Features and crops |
|---|---|---|
| Alluvial | Jammu plains (Kathua, Samba), river valleys | Fertile. Wheat, rice, maize |
| Kandi (gravelly) soil | Foot of the Shiwaliks | Coarse, dry, poor in water. |
| Karewa soil | Valley terraces in Kashmir | Lake deposits; Saffron, almond, apple, walnut |
| Mountain (forest) soil | Pir Panjal, Zanskar | Acidic, rich in humus. Forests |
| Alpine meadow soil | Above the tree line | Thin. Pastures (margs) |
| Cold desert soil | Ladakh | Sandy, saline, low organic matter. Barley, buckwheat and apricot in the oases |
| Peaty and marshy soils | Lake edges, Wular, Hokersar | Rice, vegetable floating gardens |
Keep practising
Notes are only half the work. Test yourself with questions and discuss doubts with other aspirants.
Prepared for exam revision from standard sources, official publications and the Census. Figures and recent developments change, so check official sources before relying on them. Found a mistake? Tell us.