Bakshi, Sadiq and the 1960s
Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad (1953 to 1963)
- Ruled for ten years. Known for development: roads, schools, government jobs and the Jawahar Tunnel at Banihal (1956). Critics point to limited democracy and rigged elections (1957, 1962).
- He resigned in 1963 under the Kamaraj Plan.
Khwaja Shamsuddin (1963 to 1964)
- Brief Prime Minister. The Hazratbal crisis broke out in his time.
The Moi-e-Muqaddas theft (December 1963)
- The relic was stolen from Hazratbal on 27 December 1963, which led to mass protests. It was recovered on 4 January 1964. Calm returned after the relic was shown and authenticated.
Ghulam Mohammad Sadiq (1964 to 1971)
- Prime Minister (1964 to 1965), then first Chief Minister (1965) when the Sixth Amendment to the J&K Constitution was passed. He merged the National Conference into the Congress (1965), and supported closer ties with the Centre.
The 1965 war
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| August 1965 | Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar (infiltration of armed men) failed. |
| Aug to Sept 1965 | Indo-Pak war; India took Haji Pir Pass. |
| 10 January 1966 | Tashkent Declaration (Lal Bahadur Shastri and Ayub Khan); both sides withdrew to earlier positions. |
Syed Mir Qasim (1971 to 1975)
- Chief Minister after Sadiq's death (1971). The 1971 war led to Bangladesh; the Simla Agreement (2 July 1972), signed by Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, turned the Ceasefire Line into the Line of Control (LoC).
Keep practising
Notes are only half the work. Test yourself with questions and discuss doubts with other aspirants.
Prepared for exam revision from standard sources, official publications and the Census. Figures and recent developments change, so check official sources before relying on them. Found a mistake? Tell us.