Mughal Gardens and Monuments
The Mughals brought the Persian char-bagh (four-part garden) to Kashmir. The terraces, chinars and fountains of these gardens are world-famous.
| Garden | Built by | Date (c.) | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shalimar Bagh | Jahangir for Nur Jahan | 1619 | Called Farah Baksh. Enlarged by Zafar Khan under Shah Jahan. On the Dal Lake. |
| Nishat Bagh | Asif Khan (Nur Jahan's brother) | 1633 | "Abode of Joy". 12 terraces. |
| Chashma Shahi | Ali Mardan Khan (governor) | 1632 | Built around a spring. For Shah Jahan. |
| Pari Mahal | Dara Shikoh | About 1650 | "Palace of Fairies". Terraced on the hill above the Dal. Said to have been used as a school of Sufism and astronomy. |
| Achabal Garden | Nur Jahan (Jahangir's queen), completed by Jahanara | About 1620 and later | Famous spring and water channels. In Anantnag. |
| Verinag | Jahangir (and Shah Jahan) | 1620 to 1627 | Octagonal pavilion around the spring of the Jhelum. |
| Naseem Bagh | Akbar | 1586 on | Chinar groves near Hazratbal. |
Mosques and others
| Monument | Builder | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Pathar Masjid | Nur Jahan | 1623, stone mosque in Srinagar |
| Akhund Mulla Shah Mosque | Dara Shikoh | 1649, on the Hari Parbat slope |
| Hari Parbat walls | Akbar | 1590s |
Keep practising
Notes are only half the work. Test yourself with questions and discuss doubts with other aspirants.
Prepared for exam revision from standard sources, official publications and the Census. Figures and recent developments change, so check official sources before relying on them. Found a mistake? Tell us.